BEIJING -- Still a year away, the Beijing Olympics are
poised to be the grandest Games of all.
This has been called "China's Century," and the games will
reflect the country's lofty ambitions when they open on Aug. 8,
2008 -- a watershed of sports, politics and theater set on a stage
designed by China's communist government.
"This is not a simple sports event at all," said Tu Mingde, a
vice president of the Chinese Olympic Committee and a key member of
the winning bid committee. "Its meaning surpasses the importance
of sports itself."
Nothing shows the striving better than the 91,000-seat National
Stadium, the striking centerpiece that rises abruptly above the
ancient capital. Known as the "Bird's Nest," it's a mammoth mass
of twisted steel girders, a radical design that melds tons of sharp
edges -- resembling silver twigs -- into a smooth bowl that soars 300
feet above the spread of the Olympic Green below.
China has longed for this spotlight, and it's holding nothing
back.
The capital is spending $40 billion to remake its subways, roads
and image, and Olympic venues are only a small part. Centuries-old
courtyards with tiny dragon figurines perched on curved eaves have
been razed, replaced by hundreds of hovering cranes and glass
towers.
And everyone is clamoring to take part.
The volunteer staff numbers 550,000, one for every expected
foreign visitor, and a world TV audience of 4 billion is predicted.
Even the torch relay is super-sized -- 22,000 torchbearers will
travel 85,000 miles across five continents, including the summit of
Mount Everest.
A year out, at least one verdict is in.
"I am sure that the Olympic Games in Beijing will be the best
in Olympic history," former International Olympic Committee
president Juan Antonio Samaranch said in a recent visit.
With immense expectations come tremendous risks.
China-born historian Xu Guoqi says the Games present "weiji"
to the Chinese government. In English, the word means "crisis"
and consists of two Chinese characters -- "wei" for danger and
"ji" for opportunity.
"There are many hidden dangers for the government," said Xu,
who teaches at Kalamazoo College in Michigan. "The foreign
journalists with their free access to China during the Games may
reveal to the world ... many dark sides of China."
"When both national honor and the party's legitimacy gets
involved, of course, Beijing will do anything and everything to
make its Games stand out."
Nothing seems beyond the government's control -- not even the
weather. Meteorologists began tests last month, firing rockets to
disperse rain clouds -- a move to guarantee sunshine at the
Olympics. They've also fired rockets to induce rain to clean
Beijing's humid, dirty air.
Several of the city's 12 new venues are finished and, except for
the Bird's Nest, they'll all be done by the end of the year. All
venues would have been completed a year ago, but the IOC asked
builders to slow down.
Hundreds of thousands of migrant workers, who earn about $130
monthly, have rebuilt Beijing, with 50,000 alone reported to have
worked on the new airport.
"When you have such a large population you can do things on a
larger scale," said Susan E. Brownell, a China sports expert at
the University of Missouri-St. Louis.
China has waited almost 100 years for these Games, and officials
are betting visitors and the expected 22,000 journalists --
operating under relaxed reporting rules -- will rave about the
hospitality, efficiency and the fresh face of Beijing, which is
changing so quickly that maps are obsolete in months.
Old habits also are being demolished.
Etiquette campaigns are afoot to stamp out bad manners like
jumping ahead in line, spitting, littering and reckless driving.
The 11th of each month is queue-up day, a firm nudge to be polite.
Beijing's city government is fining litters and spitters up to
$6.50.
Cab drivers are under pressure to learn some English, stop
sleeping in their taxis and brush away the garlic -- a key
ingredient in Chinese cooking. A program called "Crazy English"
draws 10,000 to gung-ho assemblies, where Olympic volunteers are
whipped into shape.
"Chinglish" -- the unintelligible English that abounds on
billboards, menus and storefronts -- is also out. Bad grammar and
faulty syntax might amuse native speakers but not Beijing Olympic
officials.
"Everybody should cultivate good habits from now on," said Liu
Qi, the president of the organizing committee and Beijing's top
Communist Party official. "Everybody should follow and protect
public order, no matter if you are driving or walking. Clean words,
clean environment and clean air."
That could be tough.
Beijing chafes under choking pollution and snarled traffic. But
the city will ban at least one third of 3.3 million vehicles during
the 17-day Olympics and close dust-spewing building sites and sooty
factories. Billions already have been spent moving industry out of
town.
Even so, it will require an adjustment, especially for the
athletes.
"You need a certain amount of time in hot, humid conditions to
acclimatize," said Lynne Coleman, who leads New Zealand's Olympic
medical team. "What you can't acclimatize for is pollution, and I
think that's the athletes' No. 1 concern with Beijing."
Positive drug tests also could soil the Games -- particularly if
the athletes are Chinese.
A series of doping scandals in the 1990s tarnished China's
reputation, and, for some, the country is still suspect. China won
only two medals -- neither gold -- at this year's world swimming
championships. This prompted charges that top athletes are being
hidden, a suspicion called "ridiculous" by Zhao Jian, head of the
Chinese Olympic Committee anti-doping commission.
"What we want most is a clean games next year, where athletes
from all over the world feel that they are competing fair and
square," Zhao said. "We won't hesitate in cracking down on drug
cheats among Chinese athletes."
Many pick China to dislodge the United States as the No. 1
gold-medal winner, which would leave another indelible mark on the
games.
"I think it's going to be a very difficult to follow their
act," said Steven Roush, chief of sport performance for the U.S.
Olympic Committee. "I think the bar has been set pretty high when
it comes to the quality of the venues. This is going to draw an
audience that has typically not been attracted to the Olympics."
Beijing has 60 sponsors and suppliers, almost 50 percent more
than Athens in 2004. There are three "official" beers, not just
one, and Adidas is widely reported to have paid $100 million for
its sponsorship.
Gerhard Heiberg of Norway, who leads the IOC's marketing
commission, said more than $1 billion has been paid locally for the
rights to the lucrative five-ring emblem.
And like any Olympics, there are security concerns. Though they,
too, are unique.
Many revolve around keeping protesters from using the stage to
air grievances against China's communist government. Security
preparations have been kept quiet, but state media says Beijing has
allocated $300 million for security -- only 20 percent of the
spending in Athens. In recent weeks, the government has released
details about police readiness drills, hostage situations and
handling dirty bombs.
The biggest threat might be foreigners hoping to highlight
causes like labor rights or China's role in the Darfur crisis.
Other problems could center on domestic groups like Tibetans who
seek autonomy, or Taiwan activists who want formal independence for
the island.
Taiwan embarrassed Beijing in April when it backed out of the
torch relay. It argues the proposed route implies the breakaway
island is part of China.
The IOC treads lightly on any political controversy.
"The way in which the games are being used as a platform for
groups with political and social agendas is regrettable," said IOC
member Hein Verbruggen, who leads the group overseeing Beijing
preparations. He's called the games "a force for good," but
suggested that shoddy treatment of activist groups could threaten
the reputation of the Beijing Games.
Beijing-born Xu Xin, a political scientist at Cornell
University, said control, not reform, is what most concerns the
government.
"Our Olympic legacy is precious," said Shen Yongshan, a top
executive on the National Indoor Stadium. "Visitors will be come
for the Games, but they'll also come back years later to recall
these Olympics. The invisible legacy is as important as the visible
one."
Both are enormous.